Cybersecurity and Resilience in the Structure of Digital Policy of the Visegrad Group Countries

Abstract

The article provides a comparative analysis of cybersecurity and resilience in the digital policy framework of the Visegrad Group countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary). It is proven that the national models of cybersecurity and digital resilience of the Visegrad countries share a common desire to integrate their own policies into the strategic framework of the EU's "Digital Decade", where cyber security is considered a key factor in the legitimacy of digital democracy. All countries recognize cybersecurity as a strategic priority, combining institutional reforms, legal harmonization and educational programs for citizens and businesses. They are gradually building institutional coordination, creating specialized centers and incident response mechanisms, and investing in the development of digital skills, which forms a culture of responsibility and trust in digital institutions. It is substantiated that the specificity of each national (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian) model of cybersecurity and digital resilience lies in different emphases and political contexts that determine their role in the structure of digital policy. The Polish model is distinguished by its systematicity and multi-levelness, it combines legislative reforms, institutional coordination and large-scale educational programs, which creates a holistic architecture of digital resilience. The Czech model is characterized by high public awareness and active participation of business, which forms the basis for the democratic participation of citizens in the digital environment. The Hungarian model is distinguished by a dual character: on the one hand, it demonstrates progress in the implementation of European standards and technological solutions, and on the other, it functions in the conditions of an authoritarian regime, where cybersecurity is used not only as a tool of protection, but also as a mechanism of control over society. The specificity of the Slovak model of cybersecurity and digital resilience lies in the combination of a relatively low level of incidents in the corporate sector with a high level of public demand for increased protection of digital services.