European Union Policy on Media Literacy in the Context of Digital Transformation and Information Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2026.18.234-256Keywords:
media literacy, European Union, disinformation, digital policy, information security, digital competences, artificial intelligence, media educationAbstract
The article analyzes the main directions of the European Union’s policy on the development of media literacy in the context of digitalization and increasing information threats. Media literacy is considered an important component of democratic resilience, the development of critical thinking, and the ability of citizens to counter disinformation. The study examines key regulatory and strategic EU documents aimed at strengthening media competence, including the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, the Code of Practice on Disinformation, the Digital Education Action Plan, and initiatives implemented within the programs Creative Europe, Digital Europe, and Horizon 2020. Particular attention is paid to the integration of media literacy into educational programs, teacher training, the development of digital skills among citizens, and the creation of conditions for the safe use of digital technologies. International media literacy indexes and the experience of several European countries are analyzed, with particular emphasis on Finland, which demonstrates high levels of resilience to disinformation. It is shown that in the 2020s media literacy development is closely connected with new technological challenges, including the spread of artificial intelligence, algorithmic recommendation systems, and deepfake content. The importance of a comprehensive approach to media literacy development through the combination of educational, regulatory, and technological instruments is emphasized. The study concludes that EU policy aims to create a coherent system for developing citizens’ media competence, which contributes to strengthening information security, increasing digital culture, and supporting the functioning of democratic institutions.
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