Information Manipulations in the Modern Media Space: Mechanisms and Methods of Counteraction

Abstract

The article explores the complex phenomenon of information manipulation in the digital age, which encompasses not only technological but also psychological and social aspects. The focus is on analysing the mechanisms of manipulative influence through digital platforms, particularly social networks, messengers, and media resources, which are used to spread fake news, disinformation, propaganda, and emotional provocations, thereby creating so-called «information bubbles». The main attention is paid to how the technological capabilities of modern algorithms personalise the information environment, complicating the objective perception of events and contributing to the polarisation of public opinion.

Modern research in this area is analysed, demonstrating a profound transformation of the forms of influence on the audience’s consciousness. Particular attention is paid to the methods of creating fake news, emotional content, visual manipulations (memes, images, videos), as well as the activities of bot networks and trolling groups, which are aimed at forming imaginary mass support or destructive narratives. The tools of selective presentation of information are also considered, when manipulation is achieved by ignoring key facts or exaggerating minor details. It is also emphasised that information wars have become an integral part of modern political and social processes. They are implemented by both state and non-state actors in order to destabilise the situation in certain regions, influence political campaigns, shape public opinion or spread ideologically beneficial concepts. An important place is occupied by the consideration of propaganda as one of the key tools in the information war system. It is emphasised that effective counteraction to information manipulation requires a comprehensive approach, which includes developing media literacy among the population, creating fact-checking tools, promoting a culture of critical thinking, and ensuring the transparency of information sources. Particular attention is paid to the role of Internet resources as a platform not only for the spread of manipulations, but also as a possible tool for countering them. Thus, the article provides a comprehensive vision of the problem of information manipulation in the digital society and outlines the main vectors of action to neutralise their negative impact on society.