СЕМАНТИЧНА СТРУКТУРА БАГАТОЗНАЧНОГО СЛОВА В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ТА ІТАЛІЙСЬКІЙ МОВАХ

Abstract

The article presents the aspects of semantic structure formation of the ambiguous words in Ukrainian and Italian languages. The meaning of the term "semantic structure of the word" is revealed. Much attention has focused on the types of polysemy and the interplay of meanings in the structure of the ambiguous word. The development of verbal meaning occurs in the course of repeated actualization of the word, which is in the process of communication. The nature of the interplay between the direct and the derivative meaning of the ambiguous word is also analyzed in the article. The secondary meaning may be the development basis for new meanings of the word, it may be lost, become adjacent to the primary, or supplant it altogether. For the investigation of the development of the word new meanings by semantic derivation the analysis of the lexemes "beetle" and "pervak" related to the thematic group "insect" and their Italian analogs "vespa" and "larva" is examined. It has been shown that words in a language can gradually lose their meanings or acquire new ones. The emergence of new meanings of multivalued words is caused by the infinity of subjects and phenomena to be nominated, as well as the limited vocabulary of the language. However, once a word is used in the communication process, it loses its polysemantic properties due to its actualization in the context of only one meaning and the rejection of others.