POLYSYSTEM APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION OF GERMAN LANGUAGE POETRY BY G. TRAKL

Abstract

The article attempts to develop an indicative outline of poetry analysis at the stage of pre-translation analysis and to formulate the criteria for the analysis of the quality of translation of German-language poetry into Ukrainian using a polysystem approach. The poems of G. Trakl and their translations by Ukrainian translators — T. Gavrilov, M. Fishbein and D. Nalyvayko were chosen as the material of the research. The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, the life and creative path of G. Trakl was analyzed; the thematic direction of his work and the factors that influenced the formation of his poetry idiostyle were determined; the history of writing of poetry and creation of the collection Sebastian im Traum was investigated; the leading motives and ideas of G. Trakl's poetry, compositional features, key images, symbolism, peculiarities of versification were determined; the artistic and expressive means of the German language in the author's poetry were characterized. The recent analysis resulted in the formulation of the features of G. Trakl's idiostyle and its presentation in the form of a word cloud. In the second phase, the article conducts analysis of the quality of G. Trakl's poetry translation into Ukrainian on the example of the poems Grodek, Kindheitserinnerung and Begegnung. Since the object of the research is poems, each of which is a distinctive alternative to objective reality and describes in detail a specific situation or event as a fragment of the author's worldview by verbal means, we analyze the quality of translation at phonetic, syntactic and functional levels. The analysis of the translation of G. Trakl's poetry shows that translators successfully reproduce in their translations the stanzas and formal peculiarities of each poem, achieve the effect of cacophony, as the author, through the use of dissonance, anaphora and alliteration. As for the syntactic and functional levels, the translators, following the author, use various stylistic means in their translations, among which epithet, rhetorical question, inversion, metaphor, hyperbole, metonymy and personification are predominant. This variety of stylistic means is explained by the fact that the poetic language of G. Trakl is extremely rich, it astonishes with depth and accuracy of images, a wide range of connotation shades and symbolism. In the third phase of the research, an algorithm for analyzing

G. Trakl's poetry at the stage of pre-translation analysis was developed and criteria for the analysis of the quality of translation of German-language poetry into Ukrainian using a polysystem approach were formulated.