Embedded Operating Systems in IoT Edge Computing

Abstract

Embedded systems and Edge Computing in Internet of Things (IoT) represent a special approach to creating systems for collecting, processing and analyzing data in an unstable environment. This article examines the benefits of Linux in this context, highlighting its flexibility, robust software ecosystems, and scalability, which are critical for a variety of IoT applications. The question of the operation of devices in an environment with a weak and/or unstable network is also raised, the general development of IoT/Internet-of-Everything (IoE) as a technology in the conditions of various distribution of high-speed networks is considered. Edge Computing technology, its use and areas of application in the need for rapid adaptation to the environment are also taken into account. Because the ability to calculate and analyze data on a local network can be critical for simplifying infrastructure in remote areas or in environments where access to an external network is difficult or impossible. We focus on the Linux kernel because its versatility in IoT is highlighted by its ability to handle a variety of workloads and seamlessly integrate with services, increasing adaptability to changing environmental conditions and ensuring reliable data processing at the edge. This adaptability is critical to mitigating the challenges caused by unreliable network infrastructure, thereby facilitating real-time decision-making and increasing operational efficiency. In addition, the open nature of Linux fosters innovation, allowing developers to create solutions tailored to the specific needs of edge computing, from industrial automation to smart city initiatives. By allowing devices to operate autonomously and efficiently manage resources at the network edge, Linux significantly optimizes latency, resource utilization, and overall system performance. Use of edge computing with correctly set-up embedded operating system (OS) allows to avoid issues common in IoT field and related to environment change. Article provides insight into pros and cons edge computing, its implementation in IoT and IoE by embedded Linux based OS. We will go through most common use-cases and market shares of common OS options. While IoT takes part in most industries by storm, there are still problems common for new industry. The primary advantage of using embedded *nix OS is the agility and ease of incorporation of those devices into edge computing systems, allowing to deal with network issues. Due to IoT/IoE being a new industry where many technologies are combined there are a lot of different approaches and frameworks that are used in it, but some of them are more popular and common than other ones. While going through the IoT/IoE data in the article, we will focus on embedded edge computing as one of the most efficient ways in building IoT solutions. Especially in perspective of OS market changes now and in near future. The result of that study will provide insight into possible trends and positives of the use of embedded OS with edge computing.