Geodesic support of Zhmeryn district of Vinnytska region in the conditions of desentralization

Abstract

A general analysis of the geodetic support of the territory of the Zhmeryn dis-trict of the Vinnytsia region under decentralization conditions was carried out. It was noted that after decentralization, by the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine No. 807-ІХ dated July 17, 2020, the Zhmeryn district was approved within new borders. After the formation of the Vinnytsia region, the construction of geodetic networks began on its territory in accordance with the Regulations of 1939, and then with the Regulations of 1954–61. The modern DGM was built in accordance with the Regulations of 1998, which in 2013 were replaced by the Procedure for Building the State Geodetic Network. A detailed description of each class is provided. The total number of DGM points (by class) falling on the territory of the district was calculated, as well as the average density of points per 1 km2. A conclusion was drawn about the need to thicken the DGM on the territory of the district.

          Vinnytsia Oblast (unofficially – Vinnytsia Region) – an administrative-territorial unit of Ukraine with the center in the city of Vinnytsia. Vinnytsia Oblast was formed on February 27, 1932, when the Central Executive Com-mittee of the USSR approved the resolution of the IV extraordinary session of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated February 9, 1932 on the creation of five regions on the territory of Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of the Dnieper within the Podolsk Upland. In the west it borders with Chernivtsi and Khmelnytskyi Oblasts, in the north – with Zhytomyr Oblasts, in the east – with Kyiv, Kirovohrad and Cherkasy Oblasts, in the south – with Odessa Oblasts of Ukraine and with Moldova. Before decentralization, the Ob-last was divided into 27 districts, 17 cities, of which 6 are of regional and 12 are of district significance, 29 urban-type settlements, 1466 villages. The total area is 26.5 thousand. km2, which is 4.4% of the territory of Ukraine. Today, after the decentralization, the region has 55 communities, 18 cities, 4 of which are of regional subordination, 17 urban-type settlements and 1021 villages.

Since the last administrative reform, in accordance with the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine dated July 17, 2020 “On the Formation and Liq-uidation of Districts”, 63 territorial communities (TGs) have been formed, grouped into 6 districts: Vinnytsia (16 TGs, 411 settlements), Haisyn (14 TGs, 263 settlements), Zhmeryn (8 TGs, 216 settlements), Mogilev-Podilskyi (7 TGs, 195 settlements), Tulchyn (9 TGs, 189 settlements), Khmelnytskyi (9 TGs, 229 settlements).

Zhmerynskyi district (Zhmerynshchyna) is a district of Vinnytsia region in Ukraine, formed in 2020. The administrative center is the city of Zhmerynka. The area is 3136.3 km2, which is 11.8% of the region's territory. The district includes the following communities: urban - Barska, Zhmerynska, Shar-horodska, settlement - Kopaihorodska, rural - Dzhurynska, Murafska, Severynivska, Stanislavchytska.

The district is located in the western part of the region and belongs to the right-bank forest-steppe zone of the southwestern part of Ukraine. The district is located at the intersection of the railway tracks of the Kyiv, Mogilev-Podilskyi, Odessa and Lviv directions.

Due to the fact that the location of geodetic points is influenced by the terrain, we will provide a brief description of it on the territory of the district. The dis-trict is located within the Podilskyi Upland. The relief of the district is a wavy plain with a slight slope to the east and southeast. The presence of a girder system determines the water-erosive nature of the relief, but this makes it pos-sible to use agricultural machinery.

Granite, limestone, building sand, brick raw materials are mined from minerals.

The climate of the district is moderately continental, with moderately mild win-ters and warm summers. It contributes to the conduct of all topographic and geodetic and agricultural works. The soils of the district are gray forest podzo-lized and gray forest loamy, with a low humus content of 0.8 to 1.8 percent.

After the formation of the region, the state geodetic network on its territory was built in accordance with the Regulations of 1939, these are the triangula-tion of classes II, III, IV and V of the Transnistrian district, laid in 1932, 1938-39 by units of the Military Topographical Service; the main series of the trian-gulation of class II Troshcha - Bely Rukav - Tiraspol, laid in 1932 by units of the Military Topographical Service; the triangulation of classes II, III, IV and V of the Proskurov-Shepetiv district, laid in 1934 by units of the Military Topo-graphical Service; the triangulation of classes II, III and IV of the Kamianets-Podilskyi district, laid in 1935 by units of the Military Topographical Service; triangulation of classes II, III and IV of the Kazatyn-Vinnytsia section, laid in 1936 by the Southern Aerogeodetic Enterprise; triangulation of classes II and III of the Odessa-Vinnytsia section, laid in 1936 by the Southern Aerogeodetic Enterprise; triangulation of classes III and IV of the Baltic section, laid in 1937 by the Southern Aerogeodetic Enterprise; triangulation of classes II, III and IV of the Gaysyn and Transnistrian districts, laid in 1938 by parts of the Military Technical Service.

In 1954-61, new “Regulations on the Construction of the State Geodetic Net-work of the USSR” were adopted. According to these Regulations, based on the network that existed at that time, a new DGM was built in the region. The following works were performed:

- 1st class triangulation chain Kozyatyn - Mogilev-Podilskyi, laid in 1945 by parts of the Military Technical Service;

- 1st class triangulation chain Uman - Mogilev-Podilskyi, laid in 1954 by the Ukrainian Aerogeodetic Enterprise;

- 2nd class triangulation of the Vinnytsia object, laid in 1961 by the Ukrainian Aerogeodetic Enterprise

- 2nd, 3rd and 4th class triangulation and 3rd and 4th class light range-finding polygonometry in the Khmelnytskyi - Vinnytsia - Kamianets-Podilskyi area, laid in 1961 by parts of the Military Technical Service;

- triangulation of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th classes in the Vapnyarka-Uman-Kotovsk region, laid in 1961 by parts of the Military Technical Service;

- triangulation of the 3rd and 4th classes in the Bratslav region, laid in 1962 by parts of the Military Technical Service;

- high-precision polygonometry of the city of Zhmerynka, laid in 1954 by the Geotopo-Zeomka trust;

- 3rd class polygonometry of the city of Bar, laid in 1957 by the Geotopo-Zeomka trust.

n 1998, the “Basic Provisions for the Creation of the State Geodetic Network of Ukraine” were adopted, which in 2013 were replaced by a new regulatory document “Procedure for the Construction of the State Geodetic Network”. According to these two regulatory documents, a modern DGM was created and modernized in the territory of Zhmeryn district of Vinnytsia region.

The 1st class geodetic network has two geodetic points. It should be noted that the coordinates of all points were determined anew by the satellite method. The work was performed in 2005 by the Research Institute of Geodesy and Cartography. The mean square errors of the coordinates were: m_x = 0.0015‒0.0045 m; m_y = 0.0015‒0.0045 m.

The geodetic network of the 2nd class has 33 geodetic points, and the 3rd has 48 geodetic points.

So, the total number of geodetic points that fall on the territory of Zhmeryn district is 83 points. Given that the territory of the district is 3136.3 km2, we can calculate the average density of geodetic points that fall on the territory of the district. According to our calculations, the average density on the territory of the district will be 1 point per 37.8 km². As we can see, even the average density of points does not meet the requirements of regulatory documents (1 point per 30 km2).

We have assessed the possibility of creating maps and plans for the territory of Zhmeryn district of Vinnytsia region using the buffer zone method (Bilokrynytsky, 2001). As can be seen from Figure 1, the “white spots” or “free spaces” that have formed indicate the impossibility of creating maps and plans for these territories without violating regulatory documents. It is necessary to complete the DGM.

The most dense is the DGM of the eastern part of the region, less so - the central and western, bordering the Khmelnytskyi region, and the northwestern..