SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FISH AND STRUCTURE OF ICHTHYOFAUNA OF WATER BODIES OF THE HYRBACHYKHA TRACT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2025.01.097Keywords:
water bodies of the Horbachykha tract, ichthyofauna, species richness, biotope areasAbstract
The species composition and structure of ichthyofauna in the reservoirs of the Horbachykha tract (Kiev) are considered. The peculiarity of this tract is the water bodies of different types, determining the biotopic distribution of species and their abundance. In total, the species richness of fish in the studied water bodies is 36 species from 9 families: the largest number of them (26 species) was recorded in the Desenka Strait, where pure-water biotopes prevailed, and the smallest - in a closed forest lake (2 species). In the structure of the ichthyofauna of these reservoirs, a significant part was made up of native species (54.9-90%). Among alien species, the largest part belonged to distant invaders (5.9-100%). Ponto-Caspian species were more typical for biotopes in the Desenka Strait, which is due to their ecological requirements for the abiotic component of the aquatic environment, in particular the oxygen regime. The most abundant species in the water bodies of the Horbachykha tract (66.6-100%): Carassius auratus, Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Rhodeus amarus, Alburnus alburnus, Lepomis gibbosus and Proterorhinus semilunaris – background representatives of coastal plots ichthyofauna of the last stations. By type of spawning substrate in the ichthyofauna, the largest share belongs to phytophiles (38.5-100%) and ostracophiles (11.8-59.4%), and by trophic groups, phytophages (17.7-60.1%) and euryphages (5.9-60.3%) dominated. In the fresh water area, a significant percentage is occupied by zoobenthophiles (35.1%) and psamo-lithophiles (32.3%). Perccottus glenii, an aggressive distant invader, was recorded in lake biocenoses. In the experimental biotopes, where the basis of phytocommunities was aquatic macrophytes: Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton perfoliatus, Rhodeus amarus, Carassius auratus, Rutilus rutilus and Proterorhinus semilunaris dominated, in areas of Trapa natans and Nuphar lutea thickets: Carassius auratus, Rhodeus amarus, Neogobius fluviatilis and Lepomis gibbosus.
The results of the research confirm the importance of clear-water areas on the branches of the Dnipro floodplain, which are used for spawning and feeding by psamo-lithophilous species. Among them, a significant percentage of rare species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Leuciscus leuciscus, Leuciscus idus, Gymnocephalus acerina) and the Bern Convention (Ballerus ballerus, Ballerus sapa, Silurus glanis, Neogobius fluviatilis, Leuciscus aspius, Palecus cultratus). The obtained data provide important information on the local distribution of species within the Dnipro floodplain in the Kyiv region.
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