ICHTHYOFAUNA OF THE «BILOBEREZZHYA SVIATOSLAVA» NATIONAL NATURE PARK AND THE ASSESSMENT OF ITS AQUATIC AREAS' ROLE IN THE CONSERVATION OF BLACK SEA REGION FISH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2025.01.087Keywords:
protected areas, Dnieper-Bug Estuary, Yahorlyk Bay, Black Sea, fish, conservationAbstract
The «Biloberezzhya Sviatoslava» National Nature Park (NNP) is a significant protected area in the Black Sea region. The contemporary ichthyofauna of the Park's aquatic areas includes 89 fish species from 42 families. The highest species diversity is observed in the Dnieper-Bug Estuary (66 species), attributed to the ecotone effect of this water body. In the Black Sea within the park's boundaries, 62 species are registered, while the Yahorlyk Bay harbors 58 species. The park's aquatic areas are home to 29 fish species protected under various legislative frameworks and international conventions. Specifically, 17 species are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, 11 in the IUCN Red List, 16 under the Bern Convention, 5 under the Bonn Convention and 6 under the Washington Convention (CITES). The highest number of protected fish species (26) is recorded in the Dnieper-Bug Estuary, with 19 and 21 species registered in Yahorlyk Bay and the Black Sea, respectively. In order to protect rare and endangered species within the Park, it is necessary to develop a management system for commercial and recreational fishing and to strengthen scientific research on the status of key fish species populations. The main tasks include the organization of scientific monitoring of the main commercial fish species to reduce the threat of overfishing and a sharp decline in the populations of resource species. Additionally, it is crucial to strengthen territorial protection measures during the spawning season and enforce the silence regime in waters important for fish reproduction. The development of specialized biotechnical measures aimed at improving spawning, feeding, and habitat conditions—such as the installation of artificial spawning grounds, artificial reefs, and reclamation works—is also essential. Furthermore, improving commercial fishing methods to align with international standards is a priority. This primarily pertains to the use of gill nets, which pose the most critical risk of fish mortality.
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