USE OF ISSR MARKERS IN ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF UKRAINIAN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS HERACLEUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2024.03.266Keywords:
biological diversity, genetic polymorphism, molecular markers, interspecific hybridization, Heracleum, ApiaceaeAbstract
The genus Heracleum (hogweed) belongs to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). Species of this genus have been introduced into many regions of the world as ornamental or fodder plants. The secondary distribution areas of invasive hogweed species often overlap with the distribution areas of aboriginal species of the genus. Today, three main invasive species of the genus Heracleum are distinguished in Europe: H. mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier, H. persicum Desf. ex Fisch. and H. sosnowskyi Manden., which demonstrate similarities at both the morphoanatomical and molecular levels. The identification and delimitation of species within the genus is further complicated by the phenomenon of interspecific hybridization, which significantly blurs the boundaries between them. These taxonomic problems can be successfully solved using molecular markers.
In this article, we present for the first time the results of using ISSR markers for representatives of the genus Heracleum from different regions to analyze genetic polymorphism and assess hybridization between invasive and aboriginal species in Ukraine. Plant samples were collected in different regions of Ukraine, as well as in Romania. In total, four genetic clusters were identified: two for invasive (H. mantegazzianum, H. sosnowskyi) and two for aboriginal (H. sphondylium, H. carpaticum) species. Genetic analysis showed that morphological criteria often do not allow unambiguous identification of these taxa.
The analysis of ISSR data confirm the possibility of interspecific hybridization in the genus Heracleum. The genetic structure of the samples showed significant similarity between two invasive species, H. mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi, that form the so-called “giant hogweed complex”. At the same time, the aboriginal species H. carpaticum Porcius and H. sphondylium L., despite their morphological similarity, turned out to be genetically different. The results obtained confirm the importance of using molecular markers to determine genetic structure, assess species status and study hybridization in complex taxonomic groups.
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