EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL ANALYSIS OF ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION CONDITIONS FOR CREATING FUNCTIONAL FEED ADDITIVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2025.01.030Keywords:
enzyme immobilization, basalt tuff, Protosubtilin, feed additives, proteolytic activity, amylases, aquacultureAbstract
One of the promising directions in the development of modern feed production is the creation of functional feed additives based on hydrolytic enzyme preparations, which increase the efficiency of nutrient assimilation and enhance overall productivity. At the same time, in aquaculture, due to the likelihood of rapid leaching of additives from the feed into the water, there is a need to ensure greater stability and prolonged action of such enzyme preparations. This paper presents the results of an experimental and model analysis of the efficiency of immobilizing the enzyme preparation Protosubtilin on a natural inorganic carrier — basalt tuff — with the aim of developing functional feed additives for use in fish farming technologies. The immobilization process was carried out by adsorbing an enzyme solution onto ground basalt tuff from the “Polytske-2” deposit, which is characterized by high porosity, significant mechanical strength, and excellent adsorption capacity. The study analyzed the effect of the type of immobilization (static or dynamic), exposure duration, and temperature factor on the amount of enzyme preparation adsorbed on the carrier, as well as on the retention of its proteolytic and amylolytic activities. It was shown that dynamic immobilization conditions (mixing) do not contribute to increased efficiency of the process and even reduce it with prolonged exposure (3 hours), which is probably due to the disturbance of stable enzyme binding on the carrier surface. Under static conditions, an increase in the amount of adsorbed enzyme preparation was observed with an increase in temperature from +20 °C to +30 °C; however, a significant decrease in enzyme activity, especially proteolytic activity, was also recorded, which limits the feasibility of using higher temperatures. The optimal immobilization mode was determined to be static adsorption for 1–3 hours at +20 °C, which ensures the best combination of sufficient enzyme binding and retention of catalytic activities. The obtained results confirm the potential of using basalt tuff as an effective, affordable, and environmentally safe carrier for creating enzyme-based functional feed additives, which will contribute to the development of modern technologies in feed production and aquaculture.
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