GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INVASIVE PLANTS OF REYNOUTRIA GENUS BASED ON ISSR MARKERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2025.01.022Keywords:
biodiversity, invasive species, interspecific hybridization, molecular markersAbstract
Members of the genus Reynoutria Houtt. are recognized as some of the most invasive plant species worldwide. In Europe, two species, R. japonica Houtt. and R. sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai, as well as their hybrid R. × bohemica Chrtek & Chrtková, are widespread. Despite the spread of a single clonal lineage of R. japonica with male sterility across the European continent, hybridization with R. sachalinensis and the emergence of forms with different ploidy levels contribute to increased genetic diversity, promoting further invasion. To date, studies of the genetic structure of these species in populations from the territory of Ukraine have not been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism and hybridization of Ukrainian accessions of the genus Reynoutria. For comparison with Ukrainian samples, specimens from Romania and Germany were also included in the study. ISSR markers were chosen for the study due to their universality and ability to assess polymorphism across the genome.
Based on the ISSR markers, using phylogenetic analysis and the principal coordinates method, higher genetic distance values were observed between R. sachalinensis samples compared to the distances between R. japonica samples. For samples morphologically identified as the hybrid species R. × bohemica, ISSR analysis did not reveal the presence of genetic material from one of the parental species, R. sachalinensis. However, these samples showed close relatedness to each other, both genetically and morphologically. In more than half of the samples morphologically identified as R. japonica, traces of genetic material from R. sachalinensis were found in their genomes, ranging from 8.3% to 57.6%, indicating a significant prevalence of introgressive hybridization between these invasive plant species.
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