IDENTIFICATION AND BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF sHSP GENES ORYZA SATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2024.03.280Keywords:
abiotic stress, bioinformatic analysis, genetic polymorphism, molecular genomics, molecular evolution, multigene family, α-crystallin domain, sHSP, O.sativaAbstract
Plants have a sessile lifestyle and are constantly exposed to adverse environmental factors such as drought, high temperature, and high soil salinity, which significantly reduce their yield. To counteract these conditions, plants activate defense mechanisms, one of the key elements of which are small heat shock proteins (sHSP). These proteins act as molecular chaperones, protecting cells from damage under stress conditions. Despite their important role, the mechanisms of action of sHSP in rice (Oryza sativa), one of the world's main food crops, remain poorly understood.
In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to identify, classify, and analyze sHSP genes in the O. sativa genome. Amino acid sequences were aligned using the G-INS-I method on the MAFFT server. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Maximum likelihood method with the PhyML plugin for Geneious Prime 2023.2.1. Statistical support for branches was calculated using the aLRT Chi2 method. Exon-intron structure was generated on the Gene Structure Display Server 2.0.
35 sHSP genes were identified in the O. sativa genome, and their amino acid sequences were classified into eight structural classes. The analysis showed significant variability of the N- and C-terminal regions of sHSP with the conservation of the α-crystalline domain. Plastidic, mitochondrial, endoplasmic and peroxisomal proteins form separate branches on the phylogenetic tree, indicating their evolutionary divergence. A protein that did not fall into known classes was also identified. The construction of the exon-intron structure confirmed the presence of introns in some genes, which may indicate their role in regulating the response to heat stress.
The obtained results allow us to better understand the role of sHSP in the mechanisms of plant resistance to abiotic stresses and provide a basis for further research aimed at creating high-yielding rice varieties.
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