ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE LEAFS OF ORNAMENTAL STONECROPS OF THE GENERA SEDUM L. AND HYLOTELEPHIUM H. OHBA UNDER CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT LIGHT LEVELS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2024.01.139Keywords:
family Crassulaceae, leaf anatomy, light level, steppe zone, Krуvorіzhzhуа, seasonal developmentAbstract
The paper presents the results of determining the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the anatomical structure of the leaf of the ornamental stonecrops of the genera Sedum L. and Hylotelephium H. Ohba during the seasonal development at different levels of illumination in the conditions of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine, which is located in the steppe zone of Ukraine (arid agroclimatic zone).The objects of the study were the plants Hylotelephium ewersii, Hylotelephium spectabile, Sedum album, Sedum reflexum and Sedum spurium. Research was carried out on sites with different levels of illumination: a well-lit place of growth (control site) - the level of illumination at lunchtime reached 39,000–56,500 lux in clear weather and 14,500–23,500 lux on an overcast day; shadow area - the light level at lunch time in clear weather reached 2,500-3,500 lux, and on an overcast day 1,200-2,000 lux. The research was conducted in three stages: the end of May, the end of July, and the end of September. We used 5 individuals of each species, which were grown in open ground (ordinary black soil) at a natural level of moisture supply. Anatomical studies were performed on live specimens using standard methods. The material for the studies was preparations of morphologically mature leaves taken from the middle tier of individuals.
It was found that during the seasonal development of plants, changes occur in the anatomical structure of leaves. In plants of H. ewersii, H. spectabile, S. reflexum and S. spurium, leaf thickness was greater in conditions of sufficient light and there was a decrease in leaf blade thickness during seasonal development (from May to September), both in the sun and in the shade. Under conditions of shade at the end of the season, leaf thickness decreased most significantly in H. spectabile and S. spurium - almost twice. On the other hand, in S. spurium, under insufficient lighting, the thickness of the lower and upper epidermis increased more than twice, and in H. spectabile, the thickness of the cuticle increased in both variants of the experiment - in the sun by 2.1 times, in the shade by 1.4 times. In stonecrops with flat leaves, the diameter of the central conducting bundle during the season in sunny conditions was 26 % (S. spurium) – 52 % (H. spectabile) larger than in the shade. Only in S. album, from May to September, leaf thickness and the diameter of the central conductive bundle, in absolute terms, were larger in the shade than in the sun. The obtained results indicate high plasticity of the studied species and peculiarities of phenotypic changes in the anatomical structure of leaves.
References
Weather archive: Kryvyi Rih airport [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar. 3]. [Arkhiv pohody: aeroport m. Kryvyy Rih [Internet]. [tsytovano 2024 berez. 3]. Available at: (in Ukrainian). https://www.meteoblue.com/uk/weather/forecast/week
Berezkina, V.I. (2003). Biological features of introduced species of the genus Sedum L. (Crassulaceae DC.) and prospects for their use in Ukraine [Biolohichni osoblyvosti introdukovanykh vydiv rodu Sedum L. (Crassulaceae DC.) ta perspektyvy yikh vykorystannya v Ukrayini]: [Text]: autoref. thesis for obtaining sciences. candidate degree biological Sciences: 03.00.05. Kyiv, (in Ukrainian).
Berezkina, V. (2013). Peculiarities of the anatomical and morphological structure of the vegetative organs of species of the section Sedum of the genus Sedum L. (Crassulaceae DC.) [Osoblyvosti anatomo-morfolohichnoyi budovy vehetatyvnykh orhaniv vydiv sektsiyi Sedum rodu Sedum L. (Crassulaceae DC.)]. Modern Phytomorphology, 4, 299–301. (in Ukrainian). https://zenodo.org/record/166572/files/Vol4full.pdf.
Berezkina, V., Nuzhina, N. (2013). Biological features of Sedum borissovae Balk. (Crassulaceae DC.) in the conditions of the Botanical Garden named after Acad. O. V. Fomin [Biolohichni osoblyvosti Sedum borissovae Balk. (Crassulaceae DC.) v umovakh Botanichnoho sadu im. akad. O. V. Fomina]. Bulletin of Kyiv National University named after Taras Shevchenko. Introduction and conservation of plant diversity, 31, 33–35. (in Ukrainian). http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/VKNU_ItZ_2013_31_14.
Bryon, O.V., Chikalenko, V.G. (1992). Anatomy of plants [Anatomiya roslyn]. Kyiv: Higher school. (in Ukrainian).
Voytiuk, Y. O., Kucheryava, L.F., Badanina, V.A., Brion, O.V. (1998). Plant morphology with the basics of anatomy and cytoembryology [Morfolohiya roslyn z osnovamy anatomiyi ta tsytoembriolohiyi]. Kyiv: Phytosocial Center. (in Ukrainian).
Vorobey, P.M., Futorn, O.A., Olshanskyi, I.G., Zhigalova, S.L., Bezsmertna, O.O. (2020). Micromorphological features (anatomical structure of leaves and stems, ultrastructure of seeds) Sempervivum globiferum L. [Mikromorfolohichni oznaky (anatomichna struktura lystkiv ta stebel, ulʹtrastruktura nasinyn) Sempervivum globiferum L.]. Ecological Sciences, 1 (28), 316–323. (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.32846/2306-9716/2020.eco.1-28.51.
Glukhov, O. Z., Safonov, A. I., Khizhnyak, N. A. (2006). Phytoindication of metal persing in an anthropogenically transformed environment [Fitoindykatsiya metalopersynhu v antropohenno transformovanomu seredovyshchi]. Donetsʹk: Nord-Pres. (in Ukrainian).
Didukh, Y.P. (2009). Ecological aspects of global climate changes: Causes, consequences, actions [Ekolohichni aspekty hlobalʹnykh zmin klimatu: Prychyny, naslidky, diyi]. Bulletin of the NAS of Ukraine, 2, 34–44. (in Ukrainian). http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/vnanu_2009_2_12.
Yehorshin, O.O., Lisovyi, M.V. (2005). Mathematical planning of field experiments and statistical processing of experimental data [Matematychne planuvannya polʹovykh doslidiv ta statystychna obrobka eksperymentalʹnykh danykh]. Kharkiv: Publishing House of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after O.N. Sokolovsky. (in Ukrainian).
Zubrovska, O.M. (2022). Peculiarities of the introduction of species of the genus Sedum L. in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine [Osoblyvosti introduktsiyi vydiv rodu Sedum L. v umovakh stepovoyi zony Ukrayiny]. Environmental sciences, 5 (44), 191–196. (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.32846/2306-9716/2022.eco.5-44.28.
Ivanyuta, S.P., Kolomiets, O.O., Malinovska, O.A., Yakushenko, L.M. (2020). Climate Change: Consequences and Adaptation Measures: Analytical Report. [Zmina klimatu: naslidky ta zakhody adaptatsiyi: analitychna dopovid]. Kyiv: NISD. http://www.niss.gov.ua/.
Kirylenko, N.A. (2016). Peculiarities of the anatomical and morphological structure of Crassulaceae, their taxonomic and evolutionary significance [Osoblyvosti anatomo-morfolohichnoyi budovy Crassulaceae, yikh taksonomichne ta evolyutsiyne znachennya]. Bulletin of Odessa National University. Biology, T. 20, 1 (36), 37–46. (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2015.1(36).56663.
Levon, F.M. (2008). Green plantations in an anthropogenically transformed environment: Monograph [Zeleni nasadzhennya v antropohenno transformovanomu seredovyshchi: Monohrafiya]. Kyiv: NNC IAE. (in Ukrainian).
Makrushin, M.M., Makrushina, E.M., Peterson, M.V., Melnikov, M.M. (2006). Physiology of plants [Fiziolohiya Roslyn]. Vinnytsia: New Book. (in Ukrainian).
Neduha, O.M. (2015). Cell membrane and environmental factors [Klitynna obolonka i faktory seredovyshcha]. Kyiv: Alterpress. (in Ukrainian).
Panyuta, O.O., Olkhovich, O.P. (2007). Anatomy of plants [Anatomiya Roslyn]. Kyiv: Libyd. (in Ukrainian).
Paranko, I.S., Kazakov, V.L., Kalinichenko, O.O., Kotsyruba, V.V., Ostapchuk, I.O., Savosko, V.M., Shipunova, V.O., Yarkov, S.V. (2015). Physical geography of Kryvyi Rih: monographic educational book [Fizychna heohrafiya Kryvorizhzhya: monohrafichna navchalʹna knyha]. Kryvyi Rih: Ed. R. A. Kozlov. (in Ukrainian).
Prylutskyi, Yu.I., Ilchenko, O.V., Tsymbalyuk, O.V., Kosterin, S.O. (2017). Statistical methods in biology [Statystychni metody v biolohiyi]. Kyiv: Scientific opinion. (in Ukrainian).
Prikhodko, M.M. (2013). Ecological safety of natural and anthropogenically modified geosystems: Monograph [Ekolohichna bezpeka pryrodnykh i antropohenno modyfikovanykh heosystem: Monohrafiya]. Kyiv: Center for Environmental Education and Information. (in Ukrainian).
Pushka, I.M., Velychko Yu.A., Osipov, M.Yu., Kozachenko, I.V. (2019). Ecological and biological features of introduced species of the genus Sedum L. in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine [Ekoloho-biolohichni osoblyvosti introdukovanykh vydiv rodu Sedum L. v umovakh Pravoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrayiny]. Taurian Scientific Herald, 109 (1), 212–218. (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2019.109-1.31.
Chipylyak, T.F., Zubrovska, O.M., Shol, G.N. (2022). Plants in the urbotechnogenic environment of the steppe zone of Ukraine [Roslyny v urbotekhnohennomu seredovyshchi stepovoyi zony Ukrayiny]. Kyiv: Talkom. (in Ukrainian). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376488819_Roslini_v_urbotehnogennomu_seredovisi_stepovoi_zoni_Ukraini
Yakovleva-Nosar, S.O., Totska, T.V. (2018). Evaluation of the success of the introduction of species of the genus Sedum L. under the conditions of the city of Energodar [Otsinka uspishnosti introduktsiyi vydiv rodu Sedum L. za umov m. Enerhodar]. Current issues of biology, ecology and chemistry. Electronic scientific publication, 2. (in Ukrainian). https://sites.znu.edu.ua/bio-eco-chem-sci/issues/index.php?action=url/view&url_id=6786.
Anjum, Sh.A., Xie, X.-Уu, Wang, L.-Сh. et al. (2011). Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. African Journal of Agricultural Research., 6(9), 2026–2032. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR10.027.
Butler, C., Orians, C.M. (2011). Sedum cools soil and can improve neighboring plant performance during water deficit on a green roof. Ecological Engineering, 37(11), 1796–1803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.06.025.
Borland, A. M., Griffiths, H. (1996). Variations in the Phases of Crassulacean acid metabolism and regulation of carboxylation patterns determined by carbon‐isotope‐discrimination techniques. In: Winter, K., Smith, J.A., eds. Crassulacean acid metabolism. Biochemistry, ecophysiology and evolution. Berlin, Springer‐Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79060-7_16.
Castaneda-Ovando, A. M., Pacheco-Hernández, de Lourdes, Paez-Hernandez, M. E. [et al.]. (2009). Chemical studies of anthocyanins: A review. Food Chem. 113, 859–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.001.
Hart, H., Bleij, B. (2003). Sedum. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Crassulaceae / ed. Eggli U. Berlin, Heidelberg & New York: Springer, 235–332. http://www.springer.com/978-3-540-41965-5.
Herrera, A. (2008). "Crassulacean acid metabolism and fitness under water deficit stress: if not for carbon gain, what is facultative CAM good for?". Annals of Botany, 103 (4), 645–653. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn145, PMC 2707347, PMID 18708641.
Fischer, G, Ramírez, F., Casierra-Posada, F. (2016). Ecophysiological aspects of fruit crops in the era of climate change Agronomía Colombiana, 34(2), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n2.56799.
Monterusso, M.A., Rowe, D.B., Rugh, C.L. (2005). Establishment and persistence of Sedum spp. and native taxa for green roof applications. Hort Science, 40 (2), 391–396. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.2.391.
Uphof, J.C.T. (1962). Plant hairs / Encyclopedia of Plant Anatomy, 5, 1–206.
Gray, S. B., Brady, S. M. (2016). Plant developmental responses to climate change. Developmental Biology. 419, 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.023.
Schuber, M., Kluge, M. (1981). In situ studies on Crassulacean acid metabolism in Sedum acre L. and Sedum mite Gil. Biology Environmental Science, 1, 82-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378797.
Silvera, K., Neubig, K.M., Whitten, W.M., Williams, N.H., Winter, K., Cushman, J.C. (2010). "Evolution along the Сrassulacean acid metabolism continuum". Functional Plant Biology, 37 (11), 995–1010. http://www.publish.csiro.au/journals/fpb.
Tena, N., Martín, J., Asuero, A.G. (2020). State of the art of anthocyanins: Antioxidant activity, sources, bioavailability, and therapeutic effect in human health. Antioxidants (Basel). 9 (5), 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050451.
