PECULIARITIES OF BISPHENOL А UTILISATION BY ENZYMES RHODOTORULA MINUTA, SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE, CORYNEBACTERIUM GLUTAMICUM, MICROCOCCUS LUTEUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2023.02.138Keywords:
bisphenol A, xenobiotic, oxidoreductases, biodegradationAbstract
One of the most serious problems today is environmental pollution by plastic and its derivatives. It is known that bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread compound used in the production of various polymeric materials. When it gets into water, soil, air, food and beverages, it causes numerous toxic effects in the body. Bisphenol A disrupts the functioning of the endocrine, reproductive, immune, nervous, and respiratory systems (Kosior E., Crescenzi I., 2020). When ingested by the animal body through the diet, BPA can be absorbed by cells of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, where it undergoes biotransformation to form bisphenol A-glucuronide, and less commonly bisphenol A-sulfate (Durovcova I. et al., 2022). Little is known about the impact of BPA on the development of microorganisms; the possibility of converting the polutant by enzymes of a number of gram-negative bacteria and microscopic fungi has been reported (Ingale S. et al., 2021).
Today, effective and cost-effective strategies are being actively sought to remove xenobiotics from the environment and prevent their entry into the human body through trophic chains. Biodegradation is one of the most advanced technologies available today. Due to the efficient extracellular enzyme systems of ligninolytic and non-ligninolytic microscopic fungi and bacteria, BPA can be biotransformed to form non-toxic products (Daassi D. et al., 2016).
We have studied the possibility of biodegradation of bisphenol A by Rhodotorula minuta, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Micrococcus luteus. It was found that the cultivation of microorganisms on media containing bisphenol concentrations exceeding its MPC in the environment was characterised by a decrease in the accumulation of their biomass and colony formation. The introduction of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 3, 4, 5 mg/l of bisphenol A into the culture medium led to an increase in laccase, Mn-peroxidase and lignin peroxidase activities, most of all in R. minuta. The ability to utilise the polutant in the environment by the studied microorganisms is different. Studies indicating the indirect ability to convert bisphenol A by these gram-positive bacteria and fungi showed that the enzymatic systems of R. minuta utilised, on average, 13 % of the introduced xenobiotic, and M. luteus - about 6 % of BPA.
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