Germanic Philology. Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University
The journal publishes essays on contemporary themes in cognitive and communicative linguistics, text linguistics, discourse studies, semantics, translation studies, and approaches for teaching foreign languages.
Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича
ENGLISH PEJORATIVE LANGUAGE AND ITS TRANSLATION FEATURES
The paper reviews the conceptual and terminological field related to offensive vocabulary of limited usage and to the identification of semantic and pragmatic distinctions between such linguistic categories as pejorative, invective, and obscenity. The study is relevant due to the absence of a clear unified classification of this type of vocabulary in both Ukrainian and international humanities scholarship, which leads to terminological polysemy and hinders the accurate analysis of verbal aggression, emotionality, and ethical markers in speech. The study includes a review of works by Ukrainian (Tkachivska, Stavytska, Bilokonenko, Kulchytska, etc.) and foreign linguists (Finkbeiner, Castroviejo, Popa-Wyatt, Liviu, etc.), which made it possible to systematize existing approaches to the definition, functions, and semantics of offensive vocabulary. It has been established that pejorative vocabulary represents the broadest category, encompassing lexical units with negative connotation that are not necessarily aimed at directly insulting the addressee. Invective, unlike pejorative, is characterized by an intentional orientation toward humiliation or aggressive expression, whereas obscenisms constitute a subclass of tabooed vocabulary that lies beyond socially acceptable norms of communication. The importance of context in the actualization of pejorative meaning, which allows for distinguishing between absolute and relative pejoratives, is taken into special consideration. The article also offers a generalized classification of pejorative vocabulary based on the criterion of contextual application, which is of practical value for further research in translation studies. The findings confirm the necessity of developing a unified terminological system for the study of offensive vocabulary, particularly in the translation of literary discourse, where such vocabulary plays an essential role in constructing the sociolinguistic and cultural authenticity of the text.
LIGHT LEXEMES IN FRANK PERETTI’S NOVEL THE VISITATION: STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of linguistic means denoting light phenomena in Frank Peretti’s novel The Visitation. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the lexico-semantic, morphological, and syntactic features of light-related lexemes in the literary text. The material consists of occurrences of such units as light, lantern, lamp, glow and their derivatives, which are investigated in terms of frequency, distribution, and functional diversity. The methodology combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study applies methods of lexico-semantic grouping, component analysis, morphological examination, and syntactic contextual analysis. Such an approach makes it possible to trace how different linguistic forms represent semantic nuances, stylistic functions, and symbolic meanings of the image of light in narrative contexts. The findings reveal that light lexemes in the novel perform multifunctional roles: from establishing spatial and temporal coordinates of the fictional world to shaping symbolic and emotionally expressive layers of meaning. The analysis also demonstrates that morphological flexibility (the ability to function as both nouns and verbs) enables the author to vary descriptive strategies and enrich the dynamic texture of narration. The conclusions suggest that light-related lexemes in Peretti’s prose not only enhance imagery and atmosphere but also acquire a deeper symbolic dimension, often linked with revelation, truth, or spiritual struggle. Thus, the research confirms the significant role of lexical choices in constructing thematic motifs and opens perspectives for further exploration of the semantics of light in modern English prose.
THE NOMINATIVE FIELD OF THE CONCEPT PSYCHOTRAUMA IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE
The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the nominative field of the concept PSYCHOTRAUMA in the English-language scientific discourse with the aim of providing a detailed description of its internal structure, semantic organization, and principles of terminological representation. The purpose of the study is to identify the lexical units that verbalize the phenomenon of psychotrauma in the academic domain and to model their hierarchy in accordance with the nucleus-periphery structure, which makes it possible to reveal the systemic regularities of conceptualizing this multidimensional phenomenon. The methodological framework includes structural-semantic, contextual-interpretative, componential, and comparative methods implemented within the intra-textual and trans-textual levels of the DIMEAN model, ensuring a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the terminological material. The empirical basis consists of a corpus of 868 nominative units selected through continuous analysis of the full text of the scientific article Road to resilience: From traumatic experiences to psychopathologies (2022), which reflects current tendencies in psychotraumatology and contains a substantial amount of relevant terminology. As a result of the material analysis, 21 lexico-semantic groups were identified and integrated into six macrogroups representing key directions in the conceptualization of psychotrauma: etiological and contextual factors, psychopathological consequences, mechanisms of resilience, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, and sociocultural determinants. The internal structure of the nominative field demonstrates a clear differentiation between the nucleus, the near periphery, and the far periphery: the nucleus comprises definitional and conceptually stable terms; the near periphery specifies structural and clinical characteristics of trauma; whereas the far periphery encompasses interpretative and contextually marked nominations reflecting interdisciplinary perspectives on the phenomenon.
The aim of this study is to analyze the methods of translating English-language film titles into Ukrainian and to identify the factors influencing their effectiveness and audience perception. The research is based on a comprehensive approach combining linguistic, cultural, psycholinguistic, and marketing perspectives. Methods include comparative analysis of original and translated titles, classification of translation strategies, and examination of localization practices and marketing studies. The results demonstrate that effective translations combine accurate meaning transfer with cultural adaptation and consideration of local linguistic features. Successful examples show the use of modification, transcreation, and cultural adaptation strategies, ensuring clarity, memorability, and emotional appeal of the titles for the Ukrainian audience. Analysis of the evolution of film title translation over the past four decades indicates growing creativity, conciseness, and stylistic attractiveness in translations. Marketing research, interaction with focus groups, and the use of social media for immediate audience feedback play a crucial role in the modern translation process. The novelty of this study lies in the integrated approach, combining linguistic, psycholinguistic, cultural, and marketing aspects of translation, which allows not only to assess the effectiveness of translations but also to predict trends in their development.
PARTICULARITIES OF THE USAGE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE SONGS
The article examines the specific features of using phraseological units in English-language songs, which represent one of the most influential forms of contemporary mass communication. The study outlines the main structural and semantic types of idioms, clarifies their pragmatic potential, and highlights their role in shaping the emotional and conceptual perception of musical texts. The study is based on a comprehensive approach that combines descriptive, contextual, quantitative, functional-stylistic, comparative, and cognitive-discursive methods. This methodology allows for the identification of patterns in the use of phraseological units in English-language songs, their structural and semantic characteristics, their communicative functions, and the influence of cultural and musical context on their interpretation. The findings demonstrate that idiomatic expressions enhance the imagery of song lyrics, activate associative thinking, and intensify emotional impact. The analysis reveals a strong dominance of metaphor-based units that reflect personal states, as well as the concepts of freedom, struggle, and love. Further research may involve extending the corpus of material and integrating a translation-oriented perspective.
THE USE OF PODCASTS FOR IMPLEMENTING A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO ENHANCING LISTENING SKILLS IN GERMAN LESSONS AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
The article explores the use of podcasts in implementing a differentiated approach to developing listening comprehension skills in German as a second foreign language at the tertiary level. The study employs an experimental method involving differentiated tasks based on authentic audio materials. The paper analyzes instructional approaches and techniques that support the integration of podcasts into the teaching process while taking into account the individual learning needs and characteristics of students. It provides examples of tasks aimed at improving the comprehension of authentic German speech, expanding learners’ lexical repertoire, and developing interpretive listening strategies. Particular attention is paid to motivational and cognitive factors that enhance the quality of second foreign language acquisition. The results of the trial instruction indicate that the systematic use of podcasts accompanied by varied tasks significantly improves students’ listening competence, increases their motivation to learn, and fosters independent work with authentic content. Furthermore, this approach contributes to the development of intercultural awareness, which is a crucial component of modern professional training. Thus, the integration of podcasts into the foreign language learning process allows for the effective implementation of differentiation principles, supports personalized learning, and promotes the development of key foreign language competence—namely, the ability to listen to and understand authentic spoken language.
THE POETICS OF WAR IN TRANSLATION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RENDERING OF UKRAINIAN WAR POETRY IN THE ANTHOLOGY "DEN KRIEG ÜBERSETZEN"
The article analyses the specifics of translating contemporary Ukrainian war poetry into German based on the anthology "Den Krieg übersetzen" (2024). The study focuses on the linguistic and stylistic challenges of rendering war-related poetic discourse, characterized by documentary precision, emotional intensity, and rich metaphorical imagery. Through a comparative examination of original poems and their translations by Viktoria Amelina, Yurii Bondarchuk, Daryna Hladun, and Ella Yevtushenko, the article identifies key translation strategies such as literal translation, modulation, transposition, compression, cultural adaptation, and stylistic equivalence. Special attention is paid to the reproduction of metaphors, inversions, synecdoche, alliteration, assonance Particular attention is paid, rhythm, and intonation that shape the expressive structure of war poetry. The findings demonstrate that translating war poetry is a multidimensional process that requires preserving not only semantic content but also emotional resonance, cultural context, and the documentary nature of the texts. The translators represented in the anthology aim to retain the authors' voices while adapting the poetic material to the German-language cultural space, ensuring artistic coherence and readability. The study highlights that the translation of war-related poetry carries not only linguistic but also ethical significance, as it conveys national memory, traumatic experiences, and collective identity. The anthology Den Krieg übersetzen serves as an important medium of intercultural communication, facilitating the international reception of Ukrainian war poetry and reinforcing translation as an act of cultural solidarity and a means of conveying the truth about Ukraine’s wartime experience.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN THE FIELD OF WRITTEN TRANSLATION TRAINING
The thesis is devoted to an in-depth study of methods for implementing artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the teaching of written translation of scientific and professional texts in the agricultural field. The research focuses on analyzing how digital technologies, particularly AI-powered translation programs and computer-assisted translation (CAT) systems, can enhance the process of developing translation competence among students of higher education institutions. The study aims to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and pedagogical potential of integrating such tools into university courses on written translation, as well as to identify the challenges and limitations that accompany their use. The object of the study is the process of teaching written translation in higher education under the conditions of the digital transformation of the educational environment. The subject of the research is the use of AI-based translation programs, CAT tools, and generative AI applications – such as machine translation engines, terminology management systems, and large language models – in the professional training of future translators and specialists in the agrarian sector. Special attention is paid to the translation of German-language scientific and technical texts on topics related to agronomy, animal husbandry, and environmental management into Ukrainian. The thesis analyzes methodological approaches to the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into educational practice, emphasizing the balance between human translation competence and automated assistance. The results of the research demonstrate that a thoughtful combination of traditional teaching methods with modern AI tools contributes to improving translation accuracy, speed, and student motivation, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of professional language training.
computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools
methodology of teaching written translation
CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION OF METAPHORS IN ADVERTISING
The article examines the specific features of translating metaphor within advertising discourse in the English-Ukrainian and English-German language pairs. The aim of the study is to identify common challenges, strategies, and tendencies in rendering metaphorical constructions in translated advertising slogans, as well as to determine the degree to which their pragmatic and emotional impact is preserved. The research material includes 50 metaphorical slogans of international brands from the fields of fashion, food industry, automotive manufacturing, electronics, tobacco products, and services, along with their translations into Ukrainian and German. The methodology is based on a combination of comparative analysis, which made it possible to reveal similarities and differences between the original and translated slogans; cognitive-discursive analysis used to identify the underlying conceptual metaphors; a linguocultural approach aimed at defining how cultural codes influence translators’ decisions; as well as descriptive and contextual analysis for examining linguistic means and pragmatic characteristics of advertising messages. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to record overall tendencies in metaphor translation. The results demonstrate that the leading strategies in metaphor translation are literal equivalence and adaptation. In German-language advertising campaigns, the frequent use of untranslated English slogans was observed, although statistical data show that such slogans are often partially or completely misunderstood by the target audience. Ukrainian translations, in contrast, display a stronger orientation toward cultural adaptation, allowing for natural-sounding messages and effective communicative influence. In some cases, non-metaphorical paraphrasing helps preserve the core meaning; however, it often results in the loss of imagery and creativity, consequently weakening the persuasive effect of the advertisement. The conclusions emphasize that metaphor serves as a key tool of emotional and cognitive influence within advertising discourse, and its successful translation depends on the translator’s ability to account for linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic factors. Future research may include expanding the corpus of slogans, incorporating additional language pairs, analyzing multimodal advertising messages, and empirically studying consumer responses to various strategies of translating metaphorical advertising slogans.
LINGUO-UNIVERSAL PATTERNS IN THE FUNCTIONING OF ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN CONTEMPORARY ITALIAN (EVIDENCE FROM NEWS MEDIA)
In this article, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the functioning of Anglicisms in contemporary Italian media discourse within the framework of the universological-synergetic paradigm. The study explores how English borrowings are integrated into the multilayered structure of discursive reality and act as markers of sociocultural transformation. The focus is placed on lexical units that activate cognitive, axiological, and identity-related shifts within the linguistic worldview of modern Italy. A typology of Anglicisms is developed according to the levels of the universological model. Particular attention is given to the phenomenon of bifurcations—points of divergence between alternative trajectories of cultural development—and to the role of Anglicisms in encoding such shifts. The analysis demonstrates that English loanwords function not merely as linguistic innovations, but as carriers of new models of behavior, modes of thinking, and patterns of social interaction. The research reveals that linguistic globalization does not result in homogenization; rather, it manifests as a dynamic interplay between the local and the global, generating new semantic configurations and cultural meanings.
AUTHOR’S TERMINOLOGY IN GERMAN-LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE
The article examines the specificity of author’s terminology in German-language philosophical discourse based on the works of Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and Martin Heidegger. The research aims to identify and analyze the lexico-semantic features of the philosophical terminological system, considering two levels: the expression level (lexico-grammatical structures) and the content level (conceptual structures). The research methodology includes linguistic analysis of philosophical texts, corpus analysis using BootCat software, frequency analysis of terminological units, and semantic-conceptual analysis of key lexemes. The main results demonstrate that German-language philosophical discourse is characterized by active neologism formation through compositional morphology, reinterpretation of everyday lexemes, a high degree of concept abstraction, and author-specific semantic content of terms. A detailed analysis of the lexeme “idea” in the works of Kant and Hegel revealed the fundamental non-identity of the conceptual content of identical terms in different philosophical systems. The study proves that language in philosophical discourse functions not only as a means of expressing thought but as an active instrument for constituting new conceptual structures and a form of thinking itself. The conclusions confirm that philosophical discourse creates its own semantic order in which constant reconceptualization of reality occurs through linguistic means. The research contributes to understanding the complex interrelations between language, thought, and reality construction in philosophical texts.
DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES OF CYBERSECURITY TERMS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
The article examines the morphological structure and derivational patterns of English cybersecurity terminology, focusing on the productivity and semantic functions of affixes. The research employs morphological, structural, and quantitative analysis to identify productive affixal models, as well as descriptive and componential methods to interpret the semantic and functional roles of affixes within cybersecurity terminology. Based on the analysis of 4,000 lexical units, the study identifies suffixation as the most productive method of term formation in the cybersecurity domain, accounting for almost half of all derivational processes. The most frequent suffixes — -ion, -ity, -er, -ment, -al, -ic, -ing, and -ed express processual, qualitative, and resultative meanings. Prefixation, while less frequent, demonstrates high semantic variability through the use of in-, re-, de-, pro-, and proto-, which indicate direction, repetition, or negation. Special attention is paid to affixoids such as cyber-, crypt-, anti-, and mal-, which have become terminological markers of the field, reflecting key conceptual oppositions like “protection vs. threat” and “security vs. risk.” The study concludes that the morphological system of English cybersecurity terminology is dynamic and capable of constant expansion through combinations of affixal and compounding models. The derivational mechanisms not only serve the purpose of linguistic nomination but also reflect cognitive and cultural conceptualization of digital security in modern English.
TERMS AND DISCOURSE OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN BRITISH UNIVERSITIES
The article examines the features of terminology and discourse of inclusive education in higher education in the United Kingdom. The key concepts forming the modern understanding of inclusion in the university educational environment are analyzed, in particular such as diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusive learning environment. The study is based on discourse analysis and comparative examination of academic and policy texts that define the principles of inclusion in British universities. The specificity of the use of inclusive vocabulary in academic discourse is identified, as well as the relationship between linguistic means and the value orientations of educational policy. The findings demonstrate that the discourse of inclusion promotes the development of a socially responsible academic culture, enhances institutional support for students with diverse educational needs, and contributes to the realization of the principles of equity and accessibility in higher education.
THE IMAGE OF CASSANDRA AS A METONYMY OF THE "OTHER": IMAGOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE HUTSULS IN THE NOVEL "THE SNOWS OF YESTERYEAR" BY GREGOR VON REZZORI
The article analyzes the image of Cassandra as a collective imagological portrait of the Hutsuls in the novel "The snows of yesteryear" (Schnee von Gestern, 1989) by Gregor von Rezzori (1914–1998), a classic of German-language literature and native of Chernivtsi. The book depicts the narrator’s childhood and youth – family relocations and separations caused by the First World War, his return and early years in Chernivtsi, and relationships with those closest to him. The narrator draws the recipient’s attention to the stages of shaping his worldview, aesthetic tastes, political and civic stance, awareness of privilege, and social stratification (with linguistic and cultural interaction with representatives of other ethnic groups playing a key role). The narrator’s nanny – through him we recognize the author himself – embodies the physical, primordial, earthly principle that contrasts with the aristocratic world of the Austrian family. He associates the wet nurse with the ethnic group inhabiting the Carpathians and, accordingly, expands the image, rooted in his childhood impressions of Cassandra, into metonymic descriptions of the Hutsuls as an exotic ethnicity, deeply grounded in its own traditions and isolated from civilization, living according to its own inner laws. In analyzing the heroine and her interactions with the environment, reference is made not to objective reality but to the fictional reality reflected in the novel, layered with numerous subjective factors that influenced the author during the writing process. The profound inner bond that developed between her and the narrator over many years – until the point of final separation – shaped his worldview, speech, and behavioral habits. The novel also partially illustrates the phenomenon of the nanny’s transition from the category of the "Other" to the category of the "Stranger" under the family’s influence. The wet nurse’s nickname alludes to the legendary prophetess, yet the work itself provides no explanation of the motivation behind such a naming. The narrator’s archetypal Cassandra was his mother – frail, anxious, and sensitive to every stimulus, a woman who foretold misfortunes. To reconstruct the literary portrait of the Hutsul heroine, the article addresses her origins and examines the specifics of her speech, as well as her physical, psychological, moral, and spiritual characteristics, along with her interaction with the narrator.
The article focuses on the impact of using artificial intelligence tools on learning English as a second language in higher education. The relevance of the present study is determined by the increasing tendency of using AI tools by students for completing homework, creating presentations, writing texts, and managing other aspects of the learning process. The aim of the study is to analyze the use of AI tools by students, their influence on the development of students’ language competencies, and identify key advantages and risks. The Likert scale method, quantitative, qualitative, and comparative analyses are used for the study to receive reliable findings. 122 students from the Economics and Pedagogy faculties participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of five blocks of questions and case tasks. The results show that all respondents use AI in learning ESL. It was figured out that AI is the most frequently applied tool for translation, preparing oral statements, writing texts, creating presentations, and practicing grammar by students. The most popular and effective AI tools used by students are ChatGPT, Google Translate, Grammarly and Canva AI. The findings of the paper state that students consider AI an effective and convenient tool that increases the speed of completing tasks; however, most respondents believe that AI does not significantly affect their motivation or development of their oral speech skills. Among the risks, respondents figured out the technology addiction, possible AI-generated false information, critical thinking deterioration, and some threats to academic integrity. AI has significant didactic potential; however, its application requires pedagogical guidance and conscious use. Therefore, the AI integration into the educational process must be balanced, monitored, and pedagogically justified.
PROPER NAMES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S PLAYS: SEMANTICS, GENDER MARKERS AND TRANSLATION
The article examines the anthroponymic system of William Shakespeare’s plays as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that reflects the author’s linguistic creativity, cultural worldview, and artistic intent. The study focuses on the semantic, etymological, stylistic, and cultural functions of proper names (anthroponyms) used by Shakespeare to construct and characterize his dramatic personae. Drawing upon both Ukrainian and international scholarship in onomastics, literary linguistics, and translation studies, the research aims to determine how Shakespeare’s choice of names operates within the cognitive, social, and aesthetic dimensions of his works. The analysis is based on a corpus of tragedies, comedies, including Hamlet, Macbeth, Merry Wives of Windsor and Twelfth Night, or What You Will. Particular attention is paid to the symbolic and associative meanings of names, the relationship between the name and the identity of a character, and the strategies used by translators to render Shakespeare’s anthroponyms into Ukrainian. The article explores how the interplay between linguistic form and cultural content creates deeper layers of interpretation, linking Shakespeare’s naming practices to Elizabethan beliefs, humor, and social hierarchy. The findings demonstrate that Shakespeare’s anthroponymy is deeply rooted in the linguistic consciousness of the English Renaissance and serves as a tool of characterization, irony, cultural allusion, and social commentary. It is concluded that Shakespeare’s use of proper names not only enhances dramatic realism but also embodies a broader anthropocentric paradigm of language and literature, revealing how names become vehicles of meaning, emotion, and cultural memory across linguistic and temporal boundaries.
THE PROJECT METHOD IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ ORAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LESSONS
The article presents the results of an experimental study (pilot teaching) aimed at testing the effectiveness of the project method in developing eighth-grade students’ oral communicative competence within the framework of the competency-based approach of the New Ukrainian School. The main objective of the research was to determine how project-based learning contributes to the development of students’ ability to express their thoughts in English fluently, coherently, and confidently in communication situations close to real life. As part of the experiment, an original project-based learning program titled “Environmental Issues in Our Community” was designed and implemented over the course of three consecutive lessons. Students worked in small groups, performing a series of communicatively oriented tasks—from gathering information to creating multimedia presentations and delivering public speeches in English. The use of a comprehensive assessment approach, which combined a clearly defined rubric (criteria included pronunciation, coherence, and audience engagement), observation of group dynamics, and analysis of students’ project outcomes, made it possible to demonstrate the positive impact of the project method on the development of key components of oral competence. In particular, the study recorded increased student confidence during public speaking, improvement in fluency and coherence, expansion of thematic vocabulary, as well as the enhancement of critical thinking, communication, and collaboration skills. The main factors contributing to the effectiveness of the method were identified as the authenticity and social relevance of topics, structured and staged organization of the learning process, a differentiated approach to student work, and a focus on achieving communicative success. The article also provides practical recommendations for teachers on implementing the project method in English language instruction, including guidance on selecting topics relevant to students’ personal experiences, using digital tools to enhance motivation, and creating a supportive learning environment that encourages linguistic experimentation and students’ creative self-expression.
EXAMINATION OF TELICITY IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND TRANSLATION
This paper examines the phenomenon of telicity, or goal-orientedness of events, in language acquisition and translation, focusing on the cross-linguistic differences between Ukrainian and English. The study explores how these distinctions influence first (L1) and second (L2) language acquisition and affect translation accuracy and processing. The research highlights two primary methods of telicity marking: English employs a compositional system dependent on direct object properties, whereas Ukrainian, like other Slavic languages, uses morphological markers such as perfective prefixes. Findings from first language acquisition studies suggest that predicate-based telicity systems, as found in Ukrainian, facilitate earlier and more accurate acquisition due to their explicit morphological encoding. Conversely, languages that mark telicity compositionally, such as English, require learners to integrate multiple linguistic components, resulting in a more protracted acquisition process. Second language acquisition research reveals that L2 learners of English from languages without a determiner system often struggle with compositional telicity but show improvement with proficiency. Similarly, English-speaking Ukrainian learners initially rely on their L1 mechanisms but eventually acquire predicate telicity marking as their proficiency increases. These findings hold significant implications for translation studies. The inherent structural differences in telicity marking between English and Ukrainian can lead to translation challenges, particularly regarding aspectual nuances. Professional translators must be aware of these linguistic contrasts to ensure accurate cross-linguistic interpretation of event structures. Ultimately, this study underscores the role of telicity in shaping cognitive and linguistic processes, highlighting its relevance for both theoretical linguistics and applied translation studies.
THE IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI ON SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
This paper explores the integration of generative AI tools, particularly ChatGPT, into second language training programs. With rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, these tools offer innovative opportunities for enhancing language learning by providing draft translations, clarifying vocabulary and grammar, and delivering real-time feedback on language production. The study examines the potential of AI-assisted language training to improve learning efficiency, linguistic accuracy, and cultural adaptability in both academic and professional settings. Through a comprehensive review of current literature and practical exercises in simulated language learning scenarios, the research highlights the benefits and challenges of using AI as a collaborative partner rather than a substitute for human instructors. Key issues such as ethical considerations, data confidentiality, and the necessity for post-editing AI-generated outputs are discussed in detail. The findings indicate that while ChatGPT and similar models can significantly streamline the language learning process, the role of the human teacher remains crucial in ensuring that nuance and context are preserved. This balanced approach merges traditional teaching methodologies with innovative digital tools, ultimately enriching the learning experience and better preparing students for the evolving demands of second language proficiency.
COGNITIVE AND CULTURAL PARADIGMS AS A CONTEXT FOR THE UKRAINIAN-ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF POETRY (BASED ON THE TRANSLATIONS OF POETRY OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN CANADA BY WATSON KIRKCNONELL)
The article dwells on Watson Kirkconnell's translation procedures used in the translation of poetry by representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada from Ukrainian into English from the perspective of cognitive translation studies and with an eye to the cultural paradigm of the original works. The aim of the study is to reveal the process of reformulating the original text based on the translator's conceptual understanding as a way to create an artistic unit equivalent (in the recipient's understanding) to the original. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to identify the key features of the reproduction of cognitive and cultural paradigms in poetic translation from Ukrainian into English. Additionally, the problem is derived from a contemporary pursuit for covering the representation of the poetic works of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada, relevant due to the lack of current research. The authors' research shows that the renewed interest in diasporic literature in translation is currently insufficient, and this is particularly true for highly specialized studies that would focus on specific aspects of the literary translation process from the perspective of cognitive translation studies. In order to achieve the declared goal, the authors resort to empirical research methods, in particular content analysis, conceptual analysis and translation transformation analysis. The purpose of using translation analysis is to identify and outline the procedures used by Watson Kirkconnell. Applying the method of conceptual analysis, based on the systematization of the conceptual sphere of connotatively colored units and their correlation with the correlates proposed by the translator, the authors determine how the translation procedures used by Watson Kirkonel contributed or did not contribute to the transmission of the original conceptual space and the national flavor encoded in it, inherent in the representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada. According to the results of the study, the authors conclude that the procedures applied by Watson Kirkonell are mostly effective in creating an equivalent communicative, figurative and artistic and aesthetic unit, which, however, does not negate the identified shortcomings in the interpretation of the attributes of the original works colored by the national and cultural flavor.
READING STRATEGIES FOR TAKING UNIFIED STATE QUALIFICATION EXAM KROK 1
The article highlights reading competency for taking qualification exam Krok 1. The research aimed to analyze the key types and strategies of reading that students of higher medical education may apply when processing professionally oriented English texts in preparing for the Unified State Qualification Exam. The paper provides practical advice and recommendations on effectively using foreign-language communicative skills to perform typical exam tasks necessary to understand medical texts. The object of the study is reading comprehension skills regarding Krok 1. The next methods were used in order to achieve the goal: general scientific, in particular theoretical and empirical (analysis of scientific articles and methodological materials on preparation for Krok1 qualification exam), descriptive (study of strategies for processing medical English-language texts within the exam), and pedagogical (analysis of the practical use of reading strategies by students in preparation) methods. The feasibility of including English for Professional Purposes in the Unified State Qualification Exam is pointed out. The structure of the English subtest is described. The paper specifies the main characteristics of the text and its importance for non-linguistic higher educational institutions. The three main stages of reading (pre-reading, while-reading, post-reading) are outlined, and their role in the process of understanding information is determined. Particular attention is paid to the types of reading (browsing, focused reading, fact-finding) and relevant strategies, such as previewing, skimming, scanning, and guessing from context which contribute to developing medical students’ foreign language communicative competence and improves their preparation for the exam.
SEMANTICS OF THE DWELLING OF THE ANCIENT GERMANS (BASED ON FAIRY TALES BY THE BROTHERS GRIMM)
The article is devoted to outlining the semantics of the dwelling of the ancient Germans in the folklore literature of the fairy tale genre, the evolution of which is determined by extralinguistic and linguistic factors. The choice of the research topic is motivated by the anthropocentric approach to the consideration of problems of modern linguistics, the peripherality of the German language as an object of research and the fragmentation of special studies, respectively. The corpus of the analyzed phenomenon, which was compiled by the method of continuous selection from the first volume of the seventh edition of the collection of the Brothers Grimm "Kinder- und Hausmärchen" (1857), consists of 382 linguistic units. The definition of the concept of "housing" appeals to authentic reference literature on the historical axis (H. Paul, R. Schützeichel). It has been established that the dwelling of the ancient Germans varies: from natural (a tree hollow, forest, cave, grotto, etc.) to artificial (a house, hut, palace, tower, etc.). The semantics of dwelling in the folk tales collected and literary processed by the Brothers Grimm is diverse: positive, neutral, negative, indefinite. Reliable data on the above semantics were obtained through an integrated comprehensive methodology, which contains a number of methods and techniques, including general scientific (observation, analysis, synthesis, generalization), paradigmatic (descriptive, structural, functional) and special (contextual-interpretative, semantic and comparative analyses). As a result of the conducted scientific work, the ternary structure of the concept of “housing” of the ancient Germans was highlighted, its types, types, and functions were qualified, single and multiple housing of the so-called “economy, comfort, business, and premium class” were distinguished from the standpoint of psychology and religion, and the idea of the relationship between the type of housing and culture, the type of housing and the spiritual development of a person, the functions of housing and the emotions of an individual were confirmed.
PECULIARITIES OF LEXICO-SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATIONS APPLICATION IN THE “BREAD” BY WOLFGANG BORCHERT'S TRANSLATION
The present article is devoted to the study lexical and semantic transformations usage applied in the process of art work translation, which is characterized by conciseness, depth of content and expressive emotionality and is a special difficulty for translation. The article deals directly with the concept of translation transformation, the interpretation of which has been proposed by various scientists; approaches to their classification are analyzed; the use of lexical and semantic transformations in the process of translating V. Borchert's German short story "Bread" performed by Volodymyr Vasyliuk into Ukrainian is highlighted. Solving the set tasks was carried out using such research methods as theoretical and comparative analysis, generalization of scientific and educational and methodological literature on the problems of translation studies, and the continuous sampling method for collecting linguistic facts. Based on the fact that in the general context translation transformations are an integral part of the translation process which allows for adequate rendering the content and work style while preserving its emotional and cultural saturation, in the process of the analysis of the selected story it was established that various lexical-semantic translation transformations were applied in the translation process, namely, synonymous substitution, contextual substitution, calque, compression, decompression, permutation, transposition, concretization and generalization of meaning. Therefore, it was decided to clarify the essence of each one separately. In addition, the author exemplified such cases when in one sentence it is possible to observe the application of several lexical-semantic translation transformations at the same time. Summarizing the results of the research, we can conclude that translation is a difficult process that is not limited to the mechanical transfer of content from one language to another, but is a creative process in which the translator becomes a co-creator of the text. Lexical and semantic transformations play a major role in preserving the communicative function of the text, allowing to avoid a literal translation, which can cause a violation of the translation integrity or non-authenticity. Therefore, the success of the translation directly depends on the skillful application of lexical-semantic translation transformations, which allow you to preserve the meaning and adapt it to the peculiarities of the translated language, preserve stylistic features and convey the content more accurately.
IMPLEMENTING “UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING” IN TRANSLATION CLASSES
The article is dedicated to the study of the implementation of the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) concept in the process of teaching translation for undergraduate students. The relevance of applying UDL in the context of war, digitalization, and globalization is justified, and the advantages of an inclusive and flexible learning environment are revealed. The research methods are described, including the analysis and synthesis of scientific sources, taxonomy, induction, deduction, and descriptive methods. The three main guiding principles of UDL are thoroughly analyzed: engagement, representation, action, and expression. Special attention is given to the history of the methodology, its neuro-scientific foundations, and structural organization. The practical part provides specific examples of integrating UDL principles into translation lessons, focusing on enhancing motivation, developing independence, creativity, and student collaboration. The types of activities where students could demonstrate active engagement and a high level of motivation in translation classes have been outlined. This includes: sight translation; interpreting speeches from the Speech Repository (which activates kinesthetic and auditory learning styles); liaison translation of dialogues; and conducting written translation following the strategic approach of the '5-step translation process'. The findings indicate that students’ motivation increases when they are provided with choices within the learning process, a structured approach to written translation, and opportunities for reflective engagement. The article proves the effectiveness of UDL as a tool for creating an accessible and successful educational process.
NON-FINITE CLAUSES FUNCTIONALITY IN MODERN ENGLISH
Today's man is not only a consumer but also a producer of both material and non-material products, the latter including knowledge and information in general. The pace of modern life is reflected in everything, including the speed of receiving and providing information. Therefore, the study of ergonomic language tools is highly relevant. This article examines the functions of non-finite sentences, which serve as an extremely economical and expressive means of verbalizing thought in modern English. We assume that this characteristic explains the relatively high frequency of non-finite sentences in newspaper publications. The study is based on a corpus of 780 non-finite sentences, selected with the help of the consecutive selection method. The English online newspapers The Evening Standard and The Guardian were used as sources. The novelty of this research lies in its attempt to describe non-finite sentences containing a non-finite verb form that is not part of a predicative construction. The study's findings indicate that infinitive clauses, -ing clauses with participles and gerunds, and -ed clauses can function as subjects, extraposed subjects, direct objects, subject predicatives, adverbial modifiers, and various types of complements, depending on the elements they modify. Additionally, they can serve as postmodifiers and supplementary clauses. We assume that the predominance of active infinitive and -ing clauses suggests a preference for an active stance by the authors in conveying their messages to the reader. This, in turn, reflects the mentality of native English speakers, which places an emphasis on personal responsibility.
LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC ORGANISATION OF GERMAN ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING TERMINOLOGY
The article is devoted to streamlining the German accounting and auditing terminology, its classification and unification, which will allow predicting its further development and open up the prospect of studying other terminology systems. The object of the study is the German accounting and auditing terminology. The subject of the study is the thematic organisation of the German accounting and auditing terminology, its hyper- and hyponymic relations. The research material was 6000 accounting and auditing terms, which were extracted from special scientific and technical literature - textbooks, manuals, periodicals, as well as lexicographical works: translation, explanatory and terminological dictionaries, dictionaries of foreign language words, encyclopaedic editions. The purpose of the study is to determine the lexical and semantic specificity of the analysed terminology and to describe the thematic groups of accounting and auditing terms in the German language, Based on semantic characteristics, we divide all the studied German accounting and auditing terms into 10 thematic groups: 1) Names of operations, actions and processes 2) Names of properties, qualities, features and states 3) Names of indicators, values and units of measurement: 4) Names of documents, forms of payment: 5) Names of securities: 6) Names of institutions, establishments and their structural subdivisions: 7) Names of individuals: 8) Names of money, banknotes: 9) Names of economic laws: 10) Names of economic theories, algorithms, models The systematic nature of the concepts of accounting and audit can be traced in hyper- and hyponymic relations, which group the term units into two structural types: ‘tree-like’, where each subsequent component sequentially “branches” its connections according to a certain common seme, and “herringbone”.
DIE VERKÖRPERUNG DER IDENTITÄT VON ROSE AUSLÄNDER IN DEN POETISCHEN NATURBILDERN
The publication is devoted to the poetics of the works of Rose Ausländer, a German-language poet from Bukovina. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the specific features of the construction of Ausländer’s poetic identity through the imagery of animate and inanimate nature, both in the context of the evolution of her poetic oeuvre and on the micro-level of individual texts. One of the main objectives is to determine the distinctive characteristics of different creative periods and to highlight the central aspects of the analyzed poems. The research employs biographical, comparative-historical, and hermeneutic methods, as well as elements of intertextual theory and the literary technique of close reading. The article examines the images of animate and inanimate nature, through which the poet reinterprets and shapes her lyrical self in the search for personal identity. Particular attention is paid to the language of birds, which, according to the poet, articulate poetry and become metaphorical counterparts to the poet. The lyrical “I” is closely identified with both the figure of the poet and the bird. Floral motifs, especially the image of the rose, play a crucial role in the construction of poetic identity. The symbolism of the rose in Ausländer’s poetry is rich in meaning and acquires new connotations depending on the context. This metaphor, like several others, formed the foundation of her early work and remained central throughout her creative development. Thus, the analysis of natural imagery in Rose Ausländer’s poetry confirms that it constitutes an essential component in the formation of her poetic identity.
STRUCTURАL CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN GERMAN TOPONYMS
The article is devoted to establishing the structural characteristics of toponyms based on the material of modern German, selected from the latest lexicographical and cultural studies sources. The object of the study is toponyms functioning in contemporary German-speaking countries, while the subject is their word-formation features. Through structural analysis of German toponyms, several groups were identified and analyzed: simple, non-suffixal and suffixal derivatives, shifts, compound, and multi-lexeme toponyms. These groups reflect the diversity of structural forms used in naming geographical objects. Among the most typical bases, elements such as -heim, -hausen (-haus), -leben, -hof, -hofen, -statt, -stedt, -stätten, -dorf, -wiek, -weiler (-weil), -richt, -graben, -bach, and -apa stand out. Their frequency of use indicates a systematic approach to the formation of the German toponymic system. The emergence of a large number of toponyms in the German language is associated with significant changes in the cultural, social, and historical life of the German ethnos. These changes were reflected in the development of new territories, the creation of new settlements, and the naming of large and small geographical objects. Migration processes driven by political and economic factors played an essential role in preserving naming traditions in new territories, sometimes even with the complete transfer of old toponyms. The expansion of Germans' geographical and linguistic worldview enriched the onomastic system with new word-formation models, demonstrating the dynamic development of German toponymy and its importance in cultural and linguistic spaces.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN AUDIOVISUAL TEACHING OF GERMAN AS A SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE
У рамках соціокультурного підходу аудіовізуальну рецепцію розглядають як провідну ментальну діяльність по декодуванню національної, регіональної та надрегіональної соціокультурної фонової інформації. У статті обґрунтовується необхідність виокремлення аудіовізуальної рецепції як одного з різновидів рецептивних видів мовленнєвої діяльності у зв’язку зі збільшенням ролі аудіовізуальної рецепції в процесі задоволення інформаційних потреб індивіда в сучасному медійному просторі. Найбільш ефективним і привабливим матеріалами для вивчення іноземної мови вважаються автентичні відеоматеріали, які дозволяють наочно представити зразки мовленнєвої і немовленнєвої поведінки носіїв мови в різних щоденних ситуаціях спілкування. Розроблений комплекс лінгвокраїнознавчих завдань з німецької мови сприяє розвитку не тільки іншомовної комунікативної навички студентів, а й соціокультурної, які необхідні для успішного здійснення професійної діяльності в умовах міжкультурного спілкування. Результати експериментального навчання підтвердили гіпотезу про те, що ефективність розвитку навичок аудіовізуальної рецепції збільшується, якщо за методичну домінанту при розробці комплексу завдань до відеоматеріалів виступають проблемні завдання, розроблені на принципах соціокультурного підходу до навчання німецької мови. Запропонований підхід можна використати при розробці комплексів завдань на матеріалі інших іноземних мов, для студентів, які володіють іноземною мовою як на рівні А2, так й на рівнях В2-С1. Подібні комплекси завдань можуть розроблятися з урахуванням специфіки професійної підготовки фахівців різних напрямів: інженерів, економістів, юристів тощо.
PROJEKTORIENTIERTE LEHRERAUSBILDUNG MIT DLL: ERFAHRUNGEN UND REFLEXIONEN
The focus of this article is on understanding the concept of project-based teacher education within the innovative Deutsch Lehren Lernen (DLL) program launched by the Goethe-Institut. The program is distinguished by the fact that it organically combines practice-oriented professional development with modern, scientifically based didactic approaches. The research basis for this paper was based on my own professional observations, informal conversations with fellow teachers, as well as open questions regarding the format, content, and feasibility of practical intelligence projects (PIPs), which are an integral component of the DLL program. The article discusses those aspects of the PIP that, in the authors' opinion, require professional discussion, modernization, or improvement. At the same time, alternative ways of developing professional skills in the field of teaching German as a foreign language are proposed, taking into account the individual context of each teacher. Particular attention is paid to the hypothesis of the potential of the CPD as a source of a large corpus of big-data that can be used to create curricula and tools, in particular, based on artificial intelligence. A comprehensive analysis of the benefits and challenges associated with the project component of the DLL program makes it possible to outline potential areas for its further development and increase the effectiveness of professional internships for teachers.